Definition

1. Noun:
   • A dependent clause: A subordinate clause is a group of words that contains a subject and a verb but cannot stand alone as a complete sentence. It functions as a noun, adjective, or adverb within a larger, complex sentence.

Usage

• A is always attached to a main (independent) clause to form a complete thought. It is typically introduced by a subordinating conjunction (e.g., , , , ) or a relative pronoun (e.g., , , ).
• Its role in the sentence determines its type: it can act as an adverbial clause, an adjective (relative) clause, or a noun clause.

Examples

• Adverbial Clause (functions as an adverb):
  • We left early because the weather was bad. (The subordinate clause "because the weather was bad" modifies the verb "left" by explaining the reason.)
• Adjective Clause (functions as an adjective):
  • The book that I borrowed is fascinating. (The subordinate clause "that I borrowed" modifies the noun "book".)
• Noun Clause (functions as a noun):
  • What she said surprised everyone. (The subordinate clause "What she said" acts as the subject of the sentence.)

Advanced Usage

• Elliptical Clause: Sometimes, parts of a can be omitted if they are understood from the context.
  • When [you are] in doubt, ask for help. (The subject "you" and the verb "are" are implied in the subordinate clause.)
• Reduced Clause: A can sometimes be reduced to a phrase for conciseness.
  • While walking to the store, she met a friend. (Reduced from "While she was walking to the store".)

Variants and Related Words

• Dependent Clause: A direct synonym for .
• Main Clause / Independent Clause: The clause that can stand alone and to which a is attached.
• Complex Sentence: A sentence structure consisting of one independent clause and at least one .

Synonyms

• Dependent clause
• Embedded clause

Related Grammatical Terms

• Subordinating Conjunction: A word that introduces a (e.g., , , ).
• Relative Pronoun: A pronoun that introduces an adjective (e.g., , , , , ).

Noun

1. a clause in a complex sentence that cannot stand alone as a complete sentence and that functions within the sentence as a noun or adjective or adverb